Housing Development Across Central Europe Shows an Uneven Recovery

Residential construction across Central and Eastern Europe is showing increasingly different patterns, with some countries reporting more homes under development while others face a reduction in new projects. Statistics for the second quarter and first half of 2026 indicate that housing supply is not developing at the same pace across the region, raising questions about how individual markets will respond to future demand.

Slovakia recorded a significant slowdown during the second quarter, with 2,368 homes completed nationwide, more than one-third fewer than a year earlier. Approximately 2,400 dwellings entered the construction pipeline, also representing a substantial annual decline. The Bratislava region was particularly affected, while residential property prices increased by 16.2% compared with the corresponding period of 2025. The combination of fewer construction starts and higher prices raises concerns about the availability of new housing in the coming years.

Romania experienced a different development, completing 20,082 homes during the second quarter, an increase of approximately 47% from 13,647 a year earlier. Bucharest–Ilfov accounted for 6,946 completions, compared with 3,201 in the corresponding quarter of 2025. The substantial increase reflects the delivery of projects initiated in earlier years, although it does not necessarily indicate that developers are preparing a similar volume of new housing.

Romania’s building approval figures suggest that future construction activity could follow a different pattern. During the first six months of 2026, authorities issued 15,939 permits for residential buildings, down 9.6% annually. Bucharest municipality recorded an increase during the second quarter, with 127 permits compared with 92 a year earlier, but activity weakened during July and August. These figures measure approved residential buildings rather than individual apartments, making direct comparisons with dwelling authorisations in other countries inappropriate.

The Czech Republic reported stronger construction activity, with work beginning on 13,081 homes during the second quarter, an annual increase of 63.7%. Prague accounted for 2,788 starts, while 1,240 homes were completed in the capital, representing growth of 64.5%. National completions nevertheless declined, illustrating the differences between residential development in Prague and other parts of the country.

Poland also recorded improvements during the first half of 2026. Approximately 94,900 homes were completed, an increase of 3.2% compared with the same period in 2025. Construction starts rose by 3.5%, while the number of dwellings covered by building permits and notifications increased by 18.9%. The figures suggest that developers were preparing more residential projects, although the pace of future construction will depend on financing conditions and buyer demand.

Hungary reported 6,278 completed homes during the first six months of the year, compared with 5,129 in the corresponding period of 2025. The number of dwellings authorised for construction increased to 16,588 from 12,830. During the second quarter, 7,297 homes received approval and 3,457 were completed. Budapest accounted for 2,926 authorised dwellings and 1,269 completions, confirming the capital’s substantial contribution to national residential activity.

The differences between these markets demonstrate why housing supply cannot be assessed solely through property prices or the number of completed apartments. Homes delivered today often received approval several years earlier, while newly authorised developments may face delays before construction begins. Changes in borrowing costs, construction expenses, planning procedures and household purchasing power can all influence whether developers proceed with their projects.

The available statistics also require careful comparison because national authorities use different reporting methods. Some countries publish the number of homes covered by construction approvals, while others report the number of permits issued for residential buildings. Figures for capital cities may also cover wider metropolitan regions, particularly around Bucharest and Bratislava. These differences need to be considered when comparing residential development activity across national markets.

For developers and investors, the more important question is whether the current volume of residential construction will translate into sufficient housing over the next several years. A market can record increasing completions while approvals for future projects decline, potentially creating shortages later. Equally, an increase in authorised developments does not guarantee that construction will proceed immediately.

The latest figures suggest that Central Europe’s residential markets are entering different stages of development. Slovakia faces weaker construction activity, Romania is recording a substantial increase in completed housing despite fewer national building permits, and Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic show improvements in selected construction indicators. Whether these differences lead to greater housing availability or renewed pressure on prices will depend on how consistently developers can bring new projects to completion.

Source: CIJ.World Research & Analysis Team

Property Funds Target Portugal’s Growing Senior Housing Market

Portugal’s senior accommodation market is beginning to attract professional property investors, with transactions completed during the second quarter of 2026 providing evidence that ownership of care facilities is starting to separate from the businesses operating them. Deals involving properties in Porto, Braga, Coimbra, Leiria and Santarém also suggest that the investment opportunity could extend well beyond Lisbon and Portugal’s established retirement destinations. One of the most significant transactions involved French investment manager Atland Voisin, which acquired four senior residences for approximately €20 million through two funds under its management. The properties are located in Braga, Santarém, Leiria and Coimbra, giving the buyer exposure to several regional markets through a single acquisition.

The transaction allowed the real estate to change ownership while the care businesses continued operating from the properties under lease agreements. This arrangement gives operators an opportunity to release capital held in buildings without having to relocate their businesses, while investors acquire properties producing rental income from established care operations. A separate transaction in Porto provides further evidence of this model. Valor Prime, an open-ended property fund managed by Montepio Gestão de Activos, acquired a six-storey senior residence with approximately 120 beds. The property was fully leased to an established healthcare operator when the acquisition took place, meaning the investor purchased an existing income-producing asset rather than assuming responsibility for running the facility.

Together, the transactions show two different sources of professional capital entering Portuguese senior accommodation. An international investment manager acquired a four-property regional portfolio, while a Portuguese property fund purchased an individual operating residence in Porto. Both acquisitions involved established facilities backed by operators rather than speculative senior-housing developments. This distinction could prove important to the development of the sector because senior residences combine property with an operating business, making the financial strength and experience of the tenant particularly important. Investors are not simply assessing the building and its location; they also need confidence that the organisation occupying the property can operate successfully and support its rental commitments over the duration of the lease.

Portugal’s ageing population provides a powerful long-term backdrop. The country had approximately 2.6 million residents aged 65 or over in 2025, while the number of older residents relative to younger people has continued to increase. This demographic direction provides a structural reason for property investors to examine accommodation and care infrastructure serving an older population. The geography of the Q2 transactions is particularly revealing. None of the five properties identified in the two acquisitions was in Lisbon or the Algarve. Instead, investment was directed towards established regional cities and population centres including Porto, Braga, Coimbra, Leiria and Santarém.

That challenges the idea that Portugal’s senior-living property opportunity will necessarily be centred on premium retirement developments aimed at affluent international residents. The transactions completed during Q2 point towards another possible market: conventional care facilities serving regional populations and generating property income through leases with specialist operators. The Atland Voisin portfolio also demonstrates how investors can obtain greater scale without depending on a single large property. Combining several residences into one acquisition allows capital to be distributed across different locations while creating a transaction sufficiently large to attract professional investment management.

Similar portfolio structures could become increasingly relevant if more owners decide to separate their property holdings from their operating businesses. For care providers, selling buildings and remaining as tenants can release capital that may be used elsewhere in the business. For property investors, the attraction lies in acquiring specialist accommodation with an existing occupier and contractual rental income. The model is not without risk, however. The value of a senior residence can depend heavily on its operator. Staffing requirements, occupancy, operating expenses, regulation and the financial performance of the care provider can ultimately affect the security of the property owner’s income.

Building specifications are another consideration. Senior accommodation requires accessibility, specialist facilities and layouts designed around the needs of residents and care providers. This can make properties less easily adaptable to another use if an operator leaves, increasing the importance of tenant selection and the long-term viability of individual facilities. For these reasons, the Q2 transactions do not yet establish senior accommodation as a mature institutional property sector in Portugal. Transaction volumes remain modest compared with hotels, logistics, offices or retail, and evidence of regular trading between large investors is still limited.

What has changed is the quality of evidence behind the investment argument. Interest in Portuguese senior housing is no longer based solely on demographic projections or expectations about future demand. Domestic and international property funds have acquired operating residences, including a regional portfolio and a fully leased Porto facility. The next stage will depend on whether additional properties and portfolios reach the investment market. Further transactions involving established operators, longer leases and multiple locations would begin to create the scale and transaction history needed for senior accommodation to become a more recognisable part of Portugal’s institutional property market.

Portugal’s ageing population provides the long-term demographic foundation, but demographics alone will not create an investment sector. The critical factors will be the quality of operators, the structure of leases, the suitability of the buildings and the availability of transactions large enough to attract professional capital. The Q2 deals nevertheless mark an important development: investors have demonstrated that they are prepared to own Portuguese care facilities without operating them, and they are willing to invest outside the country’s largest property markets. If that pattern continues, senior accommodation could emerge as a geographically diverse specialist property sector built around healthcare demand and long-term income rather than simply another form of retirement housing.

Source: CIJ.World Research & Analysis Team

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